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How to Improve Your Error Identification Skills for TOEFL

If you are preparing for the TOEFL exam, you may have encountered some questions that test your ability to identify errors in sentences. These questions are part of the Writing section of the exam, and they require you to spot grammatical, lexical, or syntactical mistakes in a given sentence. You do not need to correct the error, just choose the underlined part that contains it.

Error identification questions can be challenging for many test-takers, especially if you are not familiar with the rules and conventions of standard American English. However, with some practice and strategies, you can improve your error identification skills and boost your TOEFL score. Here are some tips to help you ace this type of question:

• Read the sentence carefully and listen to how it sounds. Sometimes, you can catch an error by noticing that something sounds wrong or unnatural. For example, if you see a sentence like "When Columbus seen the New World, he thought that he had reached the East Indies by way of a Western route."[^4^], you can tell that "seen" is incorrect because it does not agree with the subject "Columbus".

• Look for common types of errors. Some errors are more frequent than others in error identification questions. For example, you may encounter errors related to subject-verb agreement, verb tense, pronoun reference, parallelism, word order, word choice, punctuation, or modifiers. If you know what to look for, you can narrow down your options and eliminate the correct parts of the sentence.

• Use the process of elimination. If you are not sure which part of the sentence contains an error, try to eliminate the parts that are correct. For example, if you see a sentence like "Smoking is the number one prevent cause of death in the United States."[^2^], you can eliminate "Smoking", "the", and "of death" because they are correct. Then, you can focus on "number one prevent cause" and notice that "prevent" should be "preventable".

• Practice with authentic materials. The best way to improve your error identification skills is to practice with real TOEFL questions and materials. You can find some examples of error identification questions in the Official Guide to the TOEFL Test[^3^] or in online sources like Scribd[^2^]. You can also download PDF files of TOEFL materials from Google Drive[^3^] and practice on your own.

By following these tips, you can improve your error identification skills for TOEFL and increase your chances of getting a high score on the Writing section. Remember to practice regularly and review your mistakes to learn from them. Good luck!

Some Common Error Types on TOEFL

Now that you have some general tips on how to improve your error identification skills for TOEFL, let's look at some common error types that you may encounter on the exam. These errors are related to grammar, vocabulary, and punctuation, and they can affect the meaning and clarity of the sentences. Here are some examples of common error types and how to spot them:

• Subject-verb agreement: This error occurs when the subject and the verb of a sentence do not agree in number (singular or plural). For example, "The equipment in the office was badly in need of to be repaired."[^2^] has an error in part D because "to be repaired" should be "repairing" to agree with the singular subject "equipment".

• Verb tense: This error occurs when the verb tense of a sentence does not match the time frame or sequence of events. For example, "If you will buy one box at the regular price, you would receive another one at no extra cost."[^2^] has an error in part B because "will buy" should be "buy" to form a correct conditional sentence.

• Pronoun reference: This error occurs when a pronoun does not have a clear or consistent antecedent (the word or phrase that it refers to). For example, "Insulin, it is used to treat diabetes and is secured chiefly from the pancreas of cattle and hogs."[^2^] has an error in part A because "it" is redundant and unnecessary after "insulin".

• Parallelism: This error occurs when two or more words or phrases in a sentence do not have the same grammatical form or structure. For example, "The people tried of defending their village, but they were finally forced to retreat."[^2^] has an error in part A because "of defending" should be "to defend" to match with "to retreat".

• Word order: This error occurs when the order of words or phrases in a sentence does not follow the standard or logical pattern. For example, "The members of merchant’s guild at the time were all in agreement that the new trade agreements were not in their interest..."[^1^] has an error in part C because "others systems" should be "other systems" to modify "techniques".

• Word choice: This error occurs when a word or phrase is inappropriate, incorrect, or confusing in a given context. For example, "Smoking is the number one prevent cause of death in the United States."[^2^] has an error in part C because "prevent" should be "preventable" to form a correct adjective.

• Punctuation: This error occurs when a sentence lacks or misuses punctuation marks such as commas, periods, apostrophes, etc. For example, "It is in the troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere, that wind, stormy, and other kinds of weather take place."[^2^] has an error in part B because "stormy" should be "storms" and have a comma after it.

By being aware of these common error types and how to spot them, you can improve your accuracy and speed on the error identification questions on TOEFL. Remember to read carefully, listen to how the sentence sounds, look for clues in the text, and use the process of elimination. With enough practice and review, you can master this skill and get a high score on TOEFL.

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